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The key thing to know here is like dissolves (polar with polar and nonpolar with nonpolar etc). Benzoic acid dissolving in water i think has to do with the steric conformation of the benzoic acid at higher temperatures, im not sure.
These questions might help you answer the rest.
Benzoic Acid is polar
Is methoxybenzene polar?
Is Sodium Benzoate polar?
There are other factors involved with solubility, im a little murky on this subject, so i need a little review too lol
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