[cfvh9080]

Hemophilia is NOT caused by inbreeding, it is generally passed down the female line and males tend to suffer from it. Most cases of it involve no inbreeding whatsoever.ALL European royals are inbred to a certain extent and all are related to each other. Of the currently reigning European royal families, the most recent common ancestor of all of them is Prince John William Friso, Prince of Orange and Nassau-Dietz. Many European sovereigns have much closer links and all of the European sovereigns who married other royals have known genealogical relationships to their spouses.For instance, Elizabeth II and her husband Philip, Duke of Edinburgh are second cousins once removed though Christian IX of Denmark and third cousins through Queen Victoria. Therefore their children and grandchildren descend twice each from Queen Victoria and Christian IX.In Spain, the children of the King and Queen are descended from Queen Victoria three times and from King Christian once, I believe.Furthermore, Queen Victoria was related to Christian and his wife. All **royal** ruling families in Europe are descended from one or both of these monarchs, except for the Dutch Royal Family.Every single hereditary monarch in Europe has cousin marriages, etc, in their ancestry. This seems to be more pronounced among the Catholic dynasties where there were fewer suitable marriage partners (the main ones being Austria, Bavaria, France, Spain, etc).The effects of inbreeding, however, are varied. None of the current European royals seem to have any pronounced effects from inbreeding. Actually, none seem to show any more effects from inbreeding as compared to a person with relatively little inbreeding in their ancestry.*Severely* inbred royalty of the past can be found within the Archhouse of Austria in the 17th and 18th centuries were members of the House of Habsburg frequently married amongst themselves and with members of the House of Bourbon. We have examples like Charles II of Spain (Charles the Bewitched), who was deformed and mentally retarded and who had numbers uncle-niece and double cousin unions in his near ancestry. A more recent example might be Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria, who was also quite inbred.