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Grossly speaking diabetes is an increase in blood sugar due to insulin deficiency or inactivity.
Type 1 diabetes is a juvenile form of diabetes where the insulin is not secreted by the pancreas gland. It occurs early in childhood, they need to be treated with insulin injections.
Type 2 diabetes is an adult onset diabetes due to insufficient secretion of insulin or whatever insulin that's produced is not active enough to metabolize blood sugar. This type can be treated with oral tablets or insulin injections.
Diagnosis of diabetes is made by estimating blood sugar levels and urine sugar examination.
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