How do we use isotopes in medicine?

[Lauren F]

What are the dis- and advantages of them? What are their half-lives and their medical uses?

[angel_bear_4670]

* Nuclear medicine uses radiation to provide diagnostic information about the functioning of a person's specific organs, or to treat them. Diagnostic procedures are now routine..
* Radiotherapy can be used to treat some medical conditions, especially cancer, using radiation to weaken or destroy particular targeted cells.
* Millions of nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year, and demand for radioisotopes is increasing rapidly.

This is a branch of medicine that uses radiation to provide information about the functioning of a person's specific organs or to treat disease. In most cases, the information is used by physicians to make a quick, accurate diagnosis of the patient's illness. The thyroid, bones, heart, liver and many other organs can be easily imaged, and disorders in their function revealed. In some cases radiation can be used to treat diseased organs, or tumours. Five Nobel Laureates have been intimately involved with the use of radioactive tracers in medicine.

In developed countries (26% of world population) the frequency of diagnostic nuclear medicine is 1.9% per year, and the frequency of therapy with radioisotopes is about one tenth of this. In Europe there are some 10 million nuclear medicine procedures per year. The use of radiopharmaceuticals in diagnosis is growing at over 10% per year.

Nuclear medicine was developed in the 1950s by physicians with an endocrine emphasis, initially using iodine-131 to diagnose and then treat thyroid disease. In recent years specialists have also come from radiology, as dual CT/PET procedures have become established.

[keri l]

isotopes are often used in medical research and therapy for a variety of diseases and genetic disorders. a few--
for example, colbat-60 is used for external beam radiotherapy, ytterbium-169 for cerebrospinal fluid studies in the brain, iodine-125: Used to evaluate glomerular filtration rate of kidneys and to diagnose deep vein thrombosis in the leg. It is also widely used in radioimmunology assays and as an x-ray source for bone density measurements.

the pros are that some isotopes are less expenive than others. a con includes radiation (some isotopes are radioactive, which can be damaging to the patiemt and/or the researcher).

hope this helps!